Differences between orthosis and prosthesis

In the world of medical rehabilitation and support such as physiotherapy, two terms that often surface are "orthosis" and "prosthesis." While they may sound similar and serve related purposes, they have distinct differences in terms of function and application.  But what are those differences? 

Read on more to find out what each term means and some examples of their use. And if you are interested in helping patients with orthotic devices or prosthesis, then you may wish to consider ways in which you can qualify as a physiotherapist, such as by studying a Physiotherapy degree at Universidad Europea. 

Orthosis: Definition and Examples

An orthosis, commonly known as an orthotic device, is a medical apparatus designed to support, align, or enhance the function of a person's musculoskeletal system. These devices are typically used to address various orthopaedic issues, correct deformities, or provide stability to an affected body part. Orthoses come in a wide range of forms, from simple shoe insoles to complex braces and splints.

Examples of orthoses include:

• Foot Orthotics: These are specially designed shoe inserts that provide support, correct alignment issues, and alleviate conditions like plantar fasciitis or flat feet.
• Knee Braces: Used to provide stability and prevent injury or aid recovery, knee braces can be hinged or sleeve-style.
• Back Braces: These are often used to support the spine and alleviate pain or correct posture.
• Hand Splints: Hand orthoses are used to immobilize the hand or fingers after an injury or surgery, helping in the healing process.
• Ankle-Foot Orthoses (AFOs): AFOs are custom-made or off-the-shelf devices that provide support to the foot and ankle, commonly used in cases of drop foot or ankle instability.

What is prosthesis?

On the other hand, a prosthesis is an artificial device that replaces a missing body part, such as a limb, joint, or even a tooth. Prosthetic devices are created to restore functionality and improve the quality of life for individuals who have lost a part of their body due to injury, disease, or congenital conditions.

Examples of prostheses include:

• Artificial Limbs: These prosthetic limbs can be custom-designed to replace a lost arm, leg, or even a digit, allowing individuals to regain mobility and independence.
• Dental Prosthetics: Dentures, dental implants, and bridges are common examples of dental prosthetics used to replace missing teeth or restore oral function.
• Joint Prostheses: Hip and knee replacements are prevalent joint prostheses that enhance mobility and reduce pain for patients with severe joint conditions.

Orthosis and Prosthesis: How are their roles different?

While the purpose of orthosis and prosthesis is to improve the quality of a patient's life and give them back some sort of mobility, there are plenty of differences between the two, including: 

• Purpose: The primary difference between orthosis and prosthesis lies in their purpose. Orthoses are intended to support and improve the function of an existing body part, whereas prostheses are designed to replace missing body parts.
• Use Cases: Orthoses are used for conditions like musculoskeletal injuries, deformities, or to improve stability, whereas prostheses are used when a body part is entirely absent or non-functional.
• Design: Orthotic devices are typically designed to fit the patient's specific anatomy and address their unique needs. In contrast, prostheses are custom-made to replicate the form and function of the missing body part.
• Materials: Orthoses are often made from materials like plastics, metal, or fabric, while prostheses may incorporate more advanced materials, such as carbon fiber, to mimic the natural movements of the missing body part.

Role of a physiotherapist with patients using orthosis and prosthesis

Physiotherapists play a crucial role in the rehabilitation journey of individuals using orthotic and prosthetic devices. Here are just some of the ways in which they support their patients:

• Assessment and Customisation: Physiotherapists evaluate the patient's condition and recommend the appropriate orthosis or prosthesis. They work closely with orthotists and prosthetists to ensure that the devices are tailored to the individual's needs.
• Fitting and Adjustment: Physiotherapists ensure that the devices fit correctly and provide the necessary support. They make necessary adjustments and educate patients on how to use and care for their orthosis or prosthesis.
• Rehabilitation: For patients using orthoses, physiotherapists design exercise programs to strengthen the muscles and improve joint function. For those with prostheses, they help patients adapt to their new limb and regain mobility through exercises and gait training.
• Monitoring and Support: Physiotherapists closely monitor the progress of patients using orthotic and prosthetic devices. They offer guidance on pain management, mobility improvement, and overall well-being.

At Universidad Europea, our practical approach to education means that throughout your degree, you will have plenty of opportunities to carry out internships and work placements at leading clinics and other physiotherapy centres, where you will put what you learn into practice. In addition, our campus in Madrid is equipped with world-class facilities such as physio labs and a simulated hospital, where you’ll work alongside students from other biomedicine and health degrees, working in multi-disciplinary teams, just as you will do in the professional setting once you graduate.